{"id":6507,"date":"2020-07-01T15:09:45","date_gmt":"2020-07-01T13:09:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/~igfae-old\/lhcb-observa-un-cadidato-a-tetraquark-con-catro-quarks-charm\/"},"modified":"2021-03-24T15:25:06","modified_gmt":"2021-03-24T13:25:06","slug":"lhcb-observa-tetraquark-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/~igfae-old\/gl\/lhcb-observa-tetraquark-2\/","title":{"rendered":"O experimento LHCb descobre un novo tipo de tetraquark no CERN"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A colaboraci\u00f3n do experimento LHCb, na que participa o IGFAE, observou un tipo de part\u00edcula composta por catro quarks nunca antes vista. O achado, presentado nun recente seminario no CERN e descrito nun artigo publicado hoxe no servidor <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2006.16957\">arXiv<\/a>, \u00e9 probable que sexa o primeiro dunha clase de part\u00edculas non descuberta previamente.<\/p>\n<p>O achado axudar\u00e1 a entender mellor as formas complexas nas que os quarks agr\u00fapanse formando part\u00edculas compostas como os prot\u00f3ns e neutr\u00f3ns que se achan no n\u00facleo do \u00e1tomo.<\/p>\n<p>Os quarks comb\u00ednanse entre si en grupos de dous ou tres para formar as part\u00edculas chamadas \u2018hadr\u00f3ns\u2019. Durante d\u00e9cadas, con todo, a f\u00edsica te\u00f3rica predixo a existencia de hadr\u00f3ns formados por catro e por cinco quarks, descritos como \u2018tetraquarks\u2019 e \u2018pentaquarks\u2019. Nos \u00faltimos anos, varios experimentos como LHCb confirmaron a existencia de varios destes hadr\u00f3ns ex\u00f3ticos. Estas part\u00edculas feitas de combinaci\u00f3ns inusuais de quarks son un \u2018laboratorio\u2019 perfecto para estudar unha das catro forzas fundamentais da natureza, a forza forte que mant\u00e9n unidos a prot\u00f3ns e neutr\u00f3ns no n\u00facleo at\u00f3mico que forma a materia. Co\u00f1ecer mellor esta interacci\u00f3n \u00e9 tam\u00e9n esencial para determinar se un proceso novo, inesperado, \u00e9 un sinal de nova f\u00edsica ou s\u00f3 f\u00edsica est\u00e1ndar.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs part\u00edculas formadas por catro quarks son de seu ex\u00f3ticas, pero a que vimos de descubrir \u00e9 a primeira formada por catro quarks pesados do mesmo tipo, concretamente dous quarks <em>charm<\/em> e dous antiquarks <em>charm<\/em>\u201d, revela o portavoz da colaboraci\u00f3n LHCb,Giovanni\u00a0 Passaleva, pr\u00f3ximo a deixar o cargo. \u201cAta o de agora, LHCb e outros experimentos s\u00f3 observaran tetraquarks con dous quarks pesados como moito, e ning\u00fan con m\u00e1is de dous quarks do mesmo tipo\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEstas part\u00edculas pesadas ex\u00f3ticas proporcionan casos extremos e teoricamente bastante simples cos que probar modelos que logo se poden utilizar para explicar a natureza das part\u00edculas de materia ordinaria, como prot\u00f3ns ou neutr\u00f3ns. Por tanto, \u00e9 moi emocionante velos aparecer en colisi\u00f3ns no LHC por primeira vez\u201d, explica o pr\u00f3ximo portavoz de LHCb, Chris Parkes.<\/p>\n<p>O equipo de LHCb atopou o novo tetraquark usando a t\u00e9cnica de buscar un exceso nas colisi\u00f3ns, co\u00f1ecido como \u2018bump\u2019, sobre o fondo de eventos. Oculto nos datos do primeiro e segundo ciclo de funcionamento (run) do Gran Colisionador de Hadr\u00f3ns (LHC), entre os anos 2009-2013 e 2015-2018, respectivamente, os investigadores detectaron un exceso (bump) na distribuci\u00f3n de masa de pares de part\u00edculas J\/\u03c8, que consisten nun quark <em>charm<\/em> e un antiquark <em>charm<\/em>. Este exceso ten unha significaci\u00f3n estat\u00edstica de m\u00e1is de cinco sigmas, o limiar para partir do cal se considera un descubrimento dunha nova part\u00edcula, e corresponde a unha masa acorde coa predita para part\u00edculas compostas por catro quarks.<\/p>\n<p>Do mesmo xeito que con anteriores descubrimentos de tetraquarks, non est\u00e1 completamente claro se a nova part\u00edcula \u00e9 un verdadeiro tetraquark, isto \u00e9, un sistema de catro quarks estreitamente ligados entre s\u00ed, ou un par de d\u00faas part\u00edculas formadas por dous quarks ligados debilmente, como a estrutura dunha mol\u00e9cula. En calquera caso, o novo tetraquark axudar\u00e1 aos f\u00edsicos te\u00f3ricos a probar modelos de cromodin\u00e1mica cu\u00e1ntica (QCD), a teor\u00eda da forza forte.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00e1is informaci\u00f3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lhcb-public.web.cern.ch\/\"><strong>Web de colaboraci\u00f3n do experimento LHCb<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2006.16957\"><strong>Observation of structure in the J\/<\/strong><strong>\u03c8<\/strong><strong>-pair mass spectrum<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/home.cern\/news\/news\/physics\/lhcb-discovers-new-type-tetraquark-cern\"><strong>LHCb discovers a new type of tetraquark at CERN<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A colaboraci\u00f3n do experimento LHCb, na que participa o IGFAE, observou un tipo de part\u00edcula composta por catro quarks nunca antes&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":7393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[116,117],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.4.1 - 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