LIGO<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nEn outubro de 2018, o IGFAE uniuse \u00e1 Colaboraci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica LIGO (LSC, LIGO Scientific Collaboration), unha iniciativa centrada na ciencia de ondas gravitacionais. Estas son oscilaci\u00f3ns no espazo-tempo preditas por Einstein hai m\u00e1is de 100 anos e observadas por primeira vez en setembro de 2015 polo Observatorio de Ondas Gravitacionais por Interferometr\u00eda L\u00e1ser (LIGO).<\/p>\n
Estas primeiras detecci\u00f3ns foron reco\u00f1ecidas por, entre outros, o Premio Especial en F\u00edsica Fundamental en 2016 para as colaboraci\u00f3ns LIGO e Virgo \u2013inclu\u00eddos dous membros do IGFAE \u2013, e o Premio Nobel de F\u00edsica 2017 para tres cient\u00edficos pioneiros de LIGO.<\/p>\n
Desde a detecci\u00f3n de m\u00e1is de 90 sinais de ondas gravitacionais nos tres primeiros periodos de observaci\u00f3n dos detectores avanzados LIGO e Virgo ata 2020, a rede de intercambio de datos ampliouse co novo detector criox\u00e9nico KAGRA no Xap\u00f3n. A cuarta rolda de observaci\u00f3n comezou en maio de 2023 cunha maior sensibilidade da rede, e esp\u00e9rase que produza centos de detecci\u00f3ns m\u00e1is nos pr\u00f3ximos 15 meses.<\/p>\n
Despois de ser acreditado o IGFAE como Unidade de Excelencia \u00abMar\u00eda de Maeztu\u00bb en 2017, identificouse o estudo de ondas gravitacionais como unha li\u00f1a de investigaci\u00f3n cun impacto potencial moi alto, particularmente en relaci\u00f3n coa denominada \u00abastrof\u00edsica multimensaxero\u00bb. Esta \u00e9 unha rama da astrof\u00edsica que ten como obxectivo explotar a detecci\u00f3n de diferentes de tipos de sinais (fot\u00f3ns, ondas gravitacionais, raios c\u00f3smicos, neutrinos) para mellorar e complementar a informaci\u00f3n das fontes astrof\u00edsicas. Esta nova li\u00f1a tam\u00e9n ten sinerxias coas investigaci\u00f3ns actuais do Instituto, en concreto, coa forte participaci\u00f3n te\u00f3rica en moitos aspectos da gravidade, o uso de ondas gravitacionais como sondas de materia nuclear ultradensa en estrelas de neutr\u00f3ns, as\u00ed como con actividades experimentais no marco do Observatorio Pierre Auger, o detector de raios c\u00f3smicos de ultra alta enerx\u00eda m\u00e1is grande e preciso do mundo.<\/p>\n
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