{"id":2300,"date":"2018-07-03T09:46:48","date_gmt":"2018-07-03T09:46:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/centrosingular\/experiments\/laserpet\/"},"modified":"2019-01-15T17:14:52","modified_gmt":"2019-01-15T17:14:52","slug":"laserpet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/~igfae-old\/gl\/experiments\/laserpet\/","title":{"rendered":"LaserPET"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Laser PET – Aceleraci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas l\u00e1ser-plasma en IGFAE<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

A aceleraci\u00f3n l\u00e1ser-plasma \u00e9 unha tecnolox\u00eda prometedora que permite a construci\u00f3n de aceleradores de part\u00edculas compactos para a investigaci\u00f3n fundamental e aplicada. Os pulsos de l\u00e1ser ultra-intensos e ultra-curtos enfocados nuns poucos microns cadrados nunha capa de material microm\u00e9trico, xeran campos el\u00e9ctricos mil veces m\u00e1is intensos que os producidos con cavidades de radiofrecuencia, onde os electr\u00f3ns acel\u00e9ranse a enerx\u00edas relativistas. A nube de electr\u00f3ns, que abandona o material obxectivo, ioniza os \u00e1tomos na superficie e crea un gradiente el\u00e9ctrico intenso onde os i\u00f3ns acel\u00e9ranse, en particular os m\u00e1is lixeiros, os prot\u00f3ns.<\/p>\n

Ademais do seu interese intr\u00ednseco, os investigadores de IGFAE tam\u00e9n identificaron a aceleraci\u00f3n l\u00e1ser-plasma como unha oportunidade para transferir o co\u00f1ecemento xerado a trav\u00e9s da s\u00faa participaci\u00f3n en experimentos internacionais a gran escala. Esas foron as motivaci\u00f3ns para promover a construci\u00f3n do Laboratorio de L\u00e1ser para Aceleraci\u00f3n e Aplicaci\u00f3ns (L2A2). Esta \u00e9 unha infraestrutura de investigaci\u00f3n na Universidade de Santiago de Compostela que alberga un sistema l\u00e1ser de 50 TW e unha \u00e1rea radio-protexida para experimentos de aceleraci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas por l\u00e1ser-plasma.<\/p>\n

O programa de investigaci\u00f3n dirixido por IGFAE en L2A2 enf\u00f3case en aplicaci\u00f3ns m\u00e9dicas de part\u00edculas aceleradas por l\u00e1ser. Na actualidade, este programa conc\u00e9ntrase en d\u00faas iniciativas: produci\u00f3n por l\u00e1ser de radiois\u00f3topos para imaxes PET (LaserPET) e novas fontes de raios X por l\u00e1ser e a s\u00faa aplicaci\u00f3n en imaxes (LaseX).<\/p>\n

M\u00e1is informaci\u00f3n en www.igfae.usc.es\/laserpet<\/a><\/p>\n

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LaserPet<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

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O obxectivo do proxecto \u00e9 desenvolver a tecnolox\u00eda requirida para a produci\u00f3n competitiva de radiois\u00f3topos utilizados na tomograf\u00eda por emisi\u00f3n de positr\u00f3ns (PET) mediante o uso de aceleradores de part\u00edculas l\u00e1ser. O principal argumento \u00e9 que as tecnolox\u00edas actuais para a produci\u00f3n de is\u00f3topos de PET bas\u00e9anse nun esquema centralizado de produci\u00f3n e distribuci\u00f3n debido ao elevado custo da infraestrutura requirida. Os aceleradores de l\u00e1ser compactos poder\u00edan converterse na tecnolox\u00eda facilitadora para a produci\u00f3n baixo demanda de radiois\u00f3topos PET, o que abre a posibilidade de utilizar is\u00f3topos de curta duraci\u00f3n, como o 11 C, 13 N ou 15O, de especial interese para o diagn\u00f3stico de enfermidades neurodexenerativas e cardiovasculares.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1547566184538{border-left-width: 25px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;border-left-color: #154074 !important;border-left-style: solid !important;}”]<\/p>\n

LaseX<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

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Os pulsos de l\u00e1ser de baixa enerx\u00eda producidos en L2A2 (1 mJ, 25 fs, 1 kHz), enfocados de maneira eficiente (-10 \u03bcm2) en diferentes materiais obxectivo, xeran un plasma onde os electr\u00f3ns acel\u00e9ranse ata algunhas decenas de kiloelectronvoltios. A interacci\u00f3n destes electr\u00f3ns co mesmo material obxectivo xera raios X dentro do mesmo rango de enerx\u00edas. A vantaxe destas novas fontes de raios X, con respecto \u00e1s convencionais, \u00e9 o tama\u00f1o microm\u00e9trico do foco. Baixo tales condici\u00f3ns, p\u00f3dense producir imaxes de raios X con moita mellor calidade e doses m\u00e1is baixas. Ademais, tam\u00e9n se poden producir imaxes non s\u00f3 baseadas na t\u00e9cnica de absorci\u00f3n simple, sen\u00f3n tam\u00e9n aproveitando a fase dos raios X producidos, a chamada “imaxe de contraste de fase”. Esta tecnolox\u00eda proporciona unha sensibilidade adicional \u00e1 densidade do obxecto exposto, o cal \u00e9 particularmente interesante para as mostras biol\u00f3xicas.<\/p>\n

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