{"id":2256,"date":"2018-07-03T09:53:16","date_gmt":"2018-07-03T09:53:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/centrosingular\/experiments\/next\/"},"modified":"2023-04-20T11:04:41","modified_gmt":"2023-04-20T09:04:41","slug":"next","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/~igfae-old\/gl\/experiments\/next\/","title":{"rendered":"NEXT"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” foundry_padding=”pt0 pb0″ foundry_parallax=”not-parallax” css=”.vc_custom_1511969745245{background-image: url(https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/~igfae-old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/fondo.jpg?id=122) !important;}”][vc_column][vc_row_inner content_placement=”top”][vc_column_inner width=”5\/12″ css=”.vc_custom_1531310386508{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;background-image: url(https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/~igfae-old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/slider-IGFAE.jpg?id=1162) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”500″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”5\/12″ offset=”vc_col-lg-offset-1″ css=”.vc_custom_1512057467443{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 25px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1547572279480{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

NEXT<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

O modelo est\u00e1ndar da f\u00edsica de part\u00edculas parece un crebacabezas perfecto onde todas as pezas encaixan, pero hai unha delas que se resiste: a natureza do neutrino!<\/p>\n

Quizais esta peza que non encaixa est\u00e1 a dicirnos m\u00e1is, que o noso crebacabezas est\u00e1 incompleto, que a\u00ednda non se descubriron todas as secci\u00f3ns.<\/p>\n

Os neutrinos son as part\u00edculas fundamentais m\u00e1is esquivas que co\u00f1ecemos e as \u00fanicas que poden ser a s\u00faa propia antipart\u00edcula, a \u00fanica que pode ser completamente neutral. O grupo experimental HEP de IGFAE participa no experimento internacional NEXT, http:\/\/next.ific.uv.es\/next\/<\/a>, instalado no laboratorio subterr\u00e1neo de Canfranc, http:\/\/lsc-canfranc.es\/es\/<\/a>, baixo a monta\u00f1a de Tobazo, nos Pireneos. NEXT \u00e9 un dos experimentos que actualmente compiten para descifrar a verdadeira natureza do neutrino, para comprender se \u00e9 a s\u00faa propia antipart\u00edcula.<\/p>\n

Esta non \u00e9 unha tarefa f\u00e1cil, os neutrinos son tan esquivos e tan lixeiros, que o que ser\u00eda unha tarefa trivial para outras part\u00edculas, determinar se son a s\u00faa antipart\u00edcula, \u00e9 case imposible nelas. S\u00f3 podemos facelo mediante un proceso no que o neutrino se comporte como unha part\u00edcula e como unha antipart\u00edcula. E este fen\u00f3meno poder\u00eda ocorrer nuns poucos n\u00facleos, onde dous dos seus neutr\u00f3ns se converten en dous prot\u00f3ns intercambiando entre eles un neutrino\/antineutrino e liberando dous electr\u00f3ns. Este proceso ch\u00e1mase desintegraci\u00f3n beta dobre sen neutrinos.<\/p>\n

O detector NEXT \u00e9 un tanque cil\u00edndrico de xenon gasoso, sometido a un intenso gradiente el\u00e9ctrico, e ten d\u00faas cubertas equipadas con sensores de luz. O xenon act\u00faa como un obxectivo, o n\u00facleo onde poder\u00eda ocorrer esta desintegraci\u00f3n hipot\u00e9tica, e como \u00e9 gasoso, os electr\u00f3ns producidos deixar\u00edan unha pista, unha traxectoria duns poucos cent\u00edmetros. O noso detector busca un sinal inequ\u00edvoco: dous electr\u00f3ns cuxa enerx\u00eda, segundo a famosa lei de Einstein, coincide coa masa perdida do n\u00facleo pai, o xenon. Os nosos requisitos son diversos e dif\u00edciles de alcanzar: unha gran cantidade de xenon (para ter un gran n\u00famero de n\u00facleos onde poden ocorrer as desintegraci\u00f3ns), unha excelente reconstruci\u00f3n das pistas (para identificar os dous electr\u00f3ns), unha medici\u00f3n moi precisa da enerx\u00eda (para asegurarnos de que corresponde \u00e1 masa perdida do n\u00facleo pai) e, finalmente, unha contorna ultra limpa de contaminaci\u00f3n por radiaci\u00f3n (para que non te\u00f1amos eventos que nos poidan confundir, por iso \u00e9 polo que o noso laboratorio estea dentro da monta\u00f1a, protexido dos raios c\u00f3smicos, e os elementos detectores son ultra puros, evitando a contaminaci\u00f3n radioactiva).<\/p>\n

No laboratorio de Canfranc est\u00e1 instalado o primeiro detector NEXT, que chamamos NEW. O detector cont\u00e9n 10 kg de xenon, co cal o noso obxectivo principal \u00e9 superar todas as dificultades t\u00e9cnicas e experimentais que implica realizar esta medici\u00f3n cunha nova t\u00e9cnica. Os resultados son moi prometedores, e por esta raz\u00f3n xa estamos a constru\u00edr outro m\u00e1is grande, que poida ter un rango m\u00e1is longo, 100 kg de xenon, nos pr\u00f3ximos anos. E nunha d\u00e9cada, alcanzar unha tonelada.
\nEste \u00e9 un experimento que require un instrumento complexo, preciso e ultra silencioso; e para os f\u00edsicos, delicadeza e paciencia. A cambio, se o neutrino se acaba revelando como verdadeiramente neutral, se \u00e9 a s\u00faa propia antipart\u00edcula, atopariamos unha nova porta a unha f\u00edsica que quizais nos explique por que o universo e n\u00f3s mesmos somos materia.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1is informaci\u00f3n noso sitio web: http:\/\/next.ific.uv.es\/next\/<\/a><\/p>\n

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