{"id":11763,"date":"2022-06-30T12:53:53","date_gmt":"2022-06-30T10:53:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/instalacion-detector-velo-lhc\/"},"modified":"2022-06-30T13:13:13","modified_gmt":"2022-06-30T11:13:13","slug":"instalacion-detector-velo-lhc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/gl\/instalacion-detector-velo-lhc\/","title":{"rendered":"Investigadores do IGFAE instalan o detector VELO no Gran Colisionador de Hadr\u00f3ns do CERN para pescudar por que existe m\u00e1is materia que antimateria no universo"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><strong>Tres galegos do Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas (IGFAE) viaxan ao CERN para instalar e po\u00f1er en marcha o novo detector do experimento LHCb<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>O IGFAE participa desde 2008 no dese\u00f1o e desenvolvemento dos sensores do subdetector VELO, que permitir\u00e1 medir mes\u00f3ns b e buscar nova f\u00edsica cunha precisi\u00f3n sen precedentes <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>VELO entrar\u00e1 en funcionamento o pr\u00f3ximo 5 de xullo coa posta en marcha do Gran Colisionador de Hadr\u00f3ns (LHC) despois dun per\u00edodo de melloras<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tras m\u00e1is de 4 anos parado para aumentar a s\u00faa luminosidade, no CERN traballan miles de persoas a contrarreloxo ante a inminente posta en funcionamento, o pr\u00f3ximo 5 de xullo, do maior acelerador de part\u00edculas do mundo. Antonio Fern\u00e1ndez Prieto, Edgar Lemos Cid e Efr\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez Rodr\u00edguez, tres galegos e investigadores do IGFAE (centro mixto da USC e a Xunta de Galicia) despraz\u00e1ronse o mes pasado ata Xenebra para instalar no experimento LHCb \u2012un dos catro grandes do Gran Colisionador de Hadr\u00f3ns (LHC)\u2012 un instrumento que axudar\u00e1 a pescudar por que existe no universo m\u00e1is materia que antimateria: o subdetector VELO. Un periplo cient\u00edfico en cuxo dese\u00f1o e construci\u00f3n participa o IGFAE desde 2008 desenvolvendo os sensores, o ASIC (<em>Application-Specific Integrated Circuit<\/em>), a electr\u00f3nica e o sistema de baleiro e refrixeraci\u00f3n, e que agora, na s\u00faa versi\u00f3n mellorada, est\u00e1 listo para comezar a buscar f\u00edsica m\u00e1is al\u00f3 do Modelo Est\u00e1ndar.<\/p>\n<p>O LHC \u00e9 un acelerador de part\u00edculas con forma de anel de 27 km de di\u00e1metro que acelera prot\u00f3ns e i\u00f3ns en direcci\u00f3ns opostas a velocidades pr\u00f3ximas \u00e1s da luz para facelas chocar entre si. Seguindo a famosa ecuaci\u00f3n de Einstein E=mc<sup>2<\/sup>, a enerx\u00eda da colisi\u00f3n transf\u00f3rmase en materia, \u00e9 dicir, en novas part\u00edculas que son estudadas por experimentos distribu\u00eddos en distintos puntos do anel para comprender a orixe da materia e o universo.<\/p>\n<p>Nun deses puntos at\u00f3pase o experimento LHCb, onde se instalou o novo VELO (<em>VErtex LOcator<\/em>), o subdetector m\u00e1is importante para detectar o punto de interacci\u00f3n dos feixes de prot\u00f3ns do acelerador e as part\u00edculas producidas na colisi\u00f3n. O seu obxectivo \u00e9 recrear con moit\u00edsima precisi\u00f3n a traxectoria das part\u00edculas tras a colisi\u00f3n, diferenciando entre os v\u00e9rtices primarios (punto onde se xeran os mes\u00f3ns b) e os v\u00e9rtices secundarios (onde se desintegran). Para conseguilo hai que achegarse o m\u00e1ximo posible ao momento de colisi\u00f3n xa que as novas part\u00edculas percorren 8 mm antes de desaparecer e VELO sit\u00faase a tan s\u00f3 5,1 mm dese punto. \u201cIsto \u00e9 moi interesante, pero ao mesmo tempo \u00e9 unha das dificultades de situarse tan preto dos feixes de prot\u00f3ns do acelerador\u201d, indica <strong>Edgar Lemos Cid<\/strong>, enxe\u00f1eiro e investigador posdoutoral do IGFAE, <a href=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/gl\/edgar-lemos-premio-early-career-scientist-award-da-colaboracion-lhcb\/\">premiado polo CERN en 2020 polas s\u00faas contribuci\u00f3ns ao desenvolvemento deste detector<\/a>. \u201cComo o detector vese sometido a un exceso de radiaci\u00f3n, VELO dese\u00f1ouse en dous m\u00f3dulos m\u00f3biles con forma de \u201cL\u201d, que se afastan ou se achegan perpendicularmente ao feixe cando este se estabilizou. A este enxe\u00f1oso sistema s\u00famase o sistema de refrixeraci\u00f3n de microcanales que mant\u00e9n a electr\u00f3nica a -30\u00ba C con di\u00f3xido de carbono en estado bifase (l\u00edquido e gas) para manter os sensores a baixas temperaturas e reducir o dano por radiaci\u00f3n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Para seguir facendo descubrimentos o LHC someteuse a unha actualizaci\u00f3n de luminosidade, \u00e9 dicir, xerar\u00e1 m\u00e1is colisi\u00f3ns \u2012e m\u00e1is enerx\u00e9ticas\u2012 e os experimentos te\u00f1en que adaptarse. Neste sentido, outro dos grandes logros de VELO \u00e9 a s\u00faa capacidade para rexistrar 5 veces m\u00e1is colisi\u00f3ns ao ano e a s\u00faa r\u00e1pida velocidade de lectura. Grazas aos seus detectores de p\u00edxeles de silicio distribu\u00eddos en 52 m\u00f3dulos, captura eventos 40 mill\u00f3ns de veces por segundo. \u201cNo IGFAE focaliz\u00e1monos na cadea de lectura electr\u00f3nica do detector e o dese\u00f1o de li\u00f1as de transmisi\u00f3n de datos de alta velocidade que permiten o control e a lectura dos sensores\u201d, apunta <strong>Antonio Fern\u00e1ndez Prieto<\/strong>, enxe\u00f1eiro e investigador posdoutoral do IGFAE. \u201cAdemais, somos os encargados do dese\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n do <em>firmware<\/em> de control, lectura, calibraci\u00f3n e sincron\u00eda\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c1 procura de nova f\u00edsica<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O Modelo Est\u00e1ndar \u00e9 a teor\u00eda que mellor describe as part\u00edculas fundamentais e as s\u00faas interacci\u00f3ns. As s\u00faas predici\u00f3ns corrob\u00f3ranse constantemente coas medidas realizadas no LHC e outros experimentos de f\u00edsica de part\u00edculas, pero \u00e9 unha teor\u00eda incompleta. Non \u00e9 capaz de explicar, por exemplo, que \u00e9 a materia escura ou a orixe da masa das part\u00edculas. \u201cVELO permitiranos buscar f\u00edsica m\u00e1is al\u00f3 do Modelo Est\u00e1ndar\u201d, explica <strong>Abraham Gallas Torreira<\/strong>, investigador principal do IGFAE e coordinador de organizaci\u00f3n da colaboraci\u00f3n VELO. \u201cEn concreto, poderemos facer novas prospecci\u00f3ns na f\u00edsica do sabor, a f\u00edsica electrod\u00e9bil e a f\u00edsica de i\u00f3ns pesados\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNos pr\u00f3ximos anos \u2012destaca <strong>Efr<\/strong><strong>\u00e9<\/strong><strong>n Rodr<\/strong><strong>\u00ed<\/strong><strong>guez Rodr<\/strong><strong>\u00ed<\/strong><strong>guez<\/strong>, investigador predoutoral do IGFAE\u2012 gustar\u00edame ver que o incremento de precisi\u00f3n desta nova mellora e de estat\u00edstica, grazas ao aumento do n\u00famero de colisi\u00f3ns, axude a obter grandes resultados que nos permitan entender mellor o universo que nos rodea ou quizais o descubrimento de nova f\u00edsica. Estou emocionado por ver os resultados do duro traballo realizado para desenvolver esta tecnolox\u00eda\u201d, concl\u00fae este doutorando.<\/p>\n<p>O vindeiro luns 4 de xullo, un d\u00eda antes de po\u00f1erse en marcha o <a href=\"https:\/\/home.cern\/news\/news\/accelerators\/large-hadron-collider-restarts\">Run 3 do Gran Colisionador de Hadr\u00f3ns<\/a>, cumpriranse 10 anos do descubrimento dunha nova part\u00edcula consistente co bos\u00f3n de Higgs que po\u00f1\u00eda fin a unha procura de m\u00e1is de 40 anos. A comunidade cient\u00edfica do todo o mundo celebrar\u00e1 este fito hist\u00f3rico e os grandes avances dados nesta d\u00e9cada. Despois po\u00f1eranse ao choio, co af\u00e1n do co\u00f1ecemento e a superaci\u00f3n dos retos actuais, tras a procura de novos achados que cambien a nosa comprensi\u00f3n do universo que nos rodea.<\/p>\n<p>O equipo do IGFAE que participou na colaboraci\u00f3n VELO desde 2008 componse de: Pablo V\u00e1zquez Regueira, Abraham Gallas Torreira (investigadores principais), Edgar Lemos Cid e Antonio Fern\u00e1ndez Prieto (enxe\u00f1eiros doutores), Efr\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez Rodr\u00edguez (doutorando) e Antonio Pazos \u00c1lvarez e Eliseo P\u00e9rez Trigo (t\u00e9cnicos asociados).<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1is imaxes do VELO e a s\u00faa instalaci\u00f3n. Cr\u00e9dito CERN:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cds.cern.ch\/record\/2809291\">https:\/\/cds.cern.ch\/record\/2809291<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cds.cern.ch\/record\/2802195\">http:\/\/cds.cern.ch\/record\/2802195<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00eddeo da instalaci\u00f3n do subdetector VELO. Cr\u00e9dito: Piotr Traczyk:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hsLXi9QTxUo\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e9s e cr\u00e9ditos das fotos:<\/p>\n<div class=\"image-slider slider-all-controls controls-inside\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li><img width=\"1440\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2-Sensores-VELO.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2-Sensores-VELO.jpg 1440w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2-Sensores-VELO-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2-Sensores-VELO-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2-Sensores-VELO-768x614.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\" \/><\/li><li><img width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" src=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/3-Efren-Rodriguez-y-Antonio-Fernandez.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/3-Efren-Rodriguez-y-Antonio-Fernandez.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/3-Efren-Rodriguez-y-Antonio-Fernandez-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/3-Efren-Rodriguez-y-Antonio-Fernandez-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/3-Efren-Rodriguez-y-Antonio-Fernandez-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/3-Efren-Rodriguez-y-Antonio-Fernandez-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/li><li><img width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" src=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/4-Efren-Rodriguez-Antonio-Fernandez-y-Edgar-Lemos.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/4-Efren-Rodriguez-Antonio-Fernandez-y-Edgar-Lemos.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/4-Efren-Rodriguez-Antonio-Fernandez-y-Edgar-Lemos-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/4-Efren-Rodriguez-Antonio-Fernandez-y-Edgar-Lemos-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/4-Efren-Rodriguez-Antonio-Fernandez-y-Edgar-Lemos-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/4-Efren-Rodriguez-Antonio-Fernandez-y-Edgar-Lemos-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/li><li><img width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-Cavidad-VELO.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-Cavidad-VELO.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-Cavidad-VELO-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-Cavidad-VELO-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-Cavidad-VELO-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-Cavidad-VELO-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<ol>\n<li>Imaxe principal: O investigador do IGFAE Edgar Lemos Cid manipulando os sensores do subdetector VELO no CERN. Cr\u00e9dito: CERN.<\/li>\n<li>Sensores de p\u00edxeles de silicio do VELO. Cr\u00e9dito: CERN.<\/li>\n<li>Efr\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez Rodr\u00edguez e Antonio Fern\u00e1ndez Prieto xunto a unha das metades do subdetector VELO previo \u00e1 s\u00faa instalaci\u00f3n. Cr\u00e9dito: Claudia Bertella.<\/li>\n<li>Efr\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez Rodr\u00edguez (vermello), Antonio Fern\u00e1ndez Prieto (gris) e Edgar Lemos Cid (ao fondo, azul) instalando a electr\u00f3nica de control e de adquisici\u00f3n de datos. Cr\u00e9dito: Efr\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez Rodr\u00edguez.<\/li>\n<li>Cavidade na que se inseren os m\u00f3dulos do detector. En amarelo, a l\u00e1mina que separa o baleiro principal do LHC do baleiro no que est\u00e1n os sensores de silicio. Cr\u00e9dito: Efr\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez Rodr\u00edguez.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tres galegos do Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas (IGFAE) viaxan ao CERN para instalar e po\u00f1er en marcha o&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":11747,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[116,117],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.4.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Investigadores do IGFAE instalan o detector VELO no Gran Colisionador de Hadr\u00f3ns do CERN para pescudar por que existe m\u00e1is materia que antimateria no universo - IGFAE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/gl\/instalacion-detector-velo-lhc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"gl_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O IGFAE desenvolve e instala o detector VELO no LHCb para estudar nova f\u00edsica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tres galegos do Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas (IGFAE) viaxan ao CERN para instalar e po\u00f1er en marcha o...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/gl\/instalacion-detector-velo-lhc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IGFAE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-30T10:53:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-30T11:13:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1-Edgar-Lemos-Cid-VELO.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"O IGFAE desenvolve e instala o detector VELO no LHCb para estudar nova f\u00edsica\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1-Edgar-Lemos-Cid-VELO.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@igfae_hep\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@igfae_hep\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elena Mora Cuesta\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/\",\"name\":\"IGFAE\",\"description\":\"Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"gl-ES\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/gl\/instalacion-detector-velo-lhc\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"gl-ES\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1-Edgar-Lemos-Cid-VELO.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1-Edgar-Lemos-Cid-VELO.jpg\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":1600},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/gl\/instalacion-detector-velo-lhc\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfaedb\/gl\/instalacion-detector-velo-lhc\/\",\"name\":\"Investigadores do IGFAE instalan o detector VELO no Gran Colisionador de Hadr\u00f3ns do CERN para pescudar por que existe m\u00e1is materia que antimateria no universo - 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