Physical Review Letters<\/em>,<\/a> e liderado por persoal do IGFAE acaba de achegar m\u00e1is luz sobre os niveis de enerx\u00eda dos n\u00facleos lixeiros. A investigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 liderada por Juan Lois Fuentes (egresado do IGFAE) e Beatriz Fern\u00e1ndez Dom\u00ednguez, investigadora do IGFAE, e desenvolveuse no experimento ACTAR \u2013 TPC do acelerador GANIL, situado en CAEN (Francia), onde o persoal do Instituto est\u00e1 involucrado desde hai m\u00e1is de dous decenios.<\/p>\nCo\u00f1ecendo mellor o modelo de capas<\/strong><\/p>\nO traballo c\u00e9ntrase no co\u00f1ecido como \u201cmodelo de capas\u201d dos n\u00facleos at\u00f3micos: a\u00ednda que os n\u00facleos adoitan representarse de maneira compacta, est\u00e1n compostos por prot\u00f3ns e neutr\u00f3ns (e quarks dentro de cada un deles), que ocupan diferentes niveis de enerx\u00eda. Cando estes niveis se enchen, xorden configuraci\u00f3ns especialmente estables; co\u00f1ecidas como \u2018n\u00fameros m\u00e1xicos\u2019. Desde hai d\u00e9cadas, as investigaci\u00f3ns en f\u00edsica nuclear indagan por que aparecen estes n\u00fameros m\u00e1xicos, e como cambian cando se estudan n\u00facleos ricos en neutr\u00f3ns.<\/p>\n
Cando un n\u00facleo cont\u00e9n 6 ou m\u00e1is prot\u00f3ns, \u00e1brese un oco entre os niveis de enerx\u00eda do 6\u00ba e o 7\u00ba prot\u00f3n. Algunhas medidas indirectas levaron a pensar que este oco persiste cando se incrementa o n\u00famero de neutr\u00f3ns o que converter\u00edan ao n\u00famero at\u00f3mico (Z)=6 nun n\u00famero m\u00e1xico, pechando a estrutura desta capa, do mesmo xeito que acontece nas configuraci\u00f3ns estables de electr\u00f3ns dos gases nobres.<\/p>\n
No experimento liderado por Juan Lois Fuentes e Beatriz Fern\u00e1ndez Dom\u00ednguez, dirixiuse un feixe de os\u00edxeno-20 cara a un albo gasoso de deuterio molecular, e ill\u00e1ronse as colisi\u00f3ns que eliminaron un prot\u00f3n para crear nitr\u00f3xeno-19. A partir das enerx\u00edas e poboaci\u00f3ns de oito orbitais de prot\u00f3ns, deduciuse que a anchura do oco Z=6 era de 5,3 MeV, aproximadamente 1,8 MeV menos que no os\u00edxeno-16 (con catro neutr\u00f3ns menos). Por tanto, este oco non \u00e9 constante, sen\u00f3n que se reduce a medida que aumenta o n\u00famero de neutr\u00f3ns.<\/p>\n
Ademais, o mesmo traballo observou que esta reduci\u00f3n se debe sobre todo (nun 95%) \u00e1 interacci\u00f3n tensorial, un compo\u00f1ente da forza nuclear que depende da orientaci\u00f3n relativa dos seus esp\u00edns e posici\u00f3ns. Este comportamento xa estaba predito nalg\u00fans modelos te\u00f3ricos, pero faltaban datos experimentais directos que o confirmasen.<\/p>\n
Segundo destaca Beatriz Fern\u00e1ndez, \u201cson os primeiros resultados co detector ACTAR TPC en reacci\u00f3ns directas de transferencia para estudar o esp\u00edn-\u00f3rbita dos n\u00facleos ex\u00f3ticos\u201d. Este detector est\u00e1 dese\u00f1ado para estudar n\u00facleos moi ex\u00f3ticos producidos en feixes radioactivos. Tr\u00e1tase de n\u00facleos que se xeran en cantidades extremadamente pequenas, pero que son moi interesantes para co\u00f1ecer mellor a estrutura do n\u00facleo. \u00c9 tam\u00e9n un reto complexo a nivel t\u00e9cnico, xa que realizar medici\u00f3n precisas nestas cantidades \u00ednfimas resulta moi dif\u00edcil. As prestaci\u00f3ns de ACTAR TPC, que permite aumentar a luminosidade das an\u00e1lises sen perder resoluci\u00f3n, foron cruciais para obter estes resultados.<\/p>\n
Ademais de Juan Lois e Beatriz Fern\u00e1ndez, tam\u00e9n participan por parte do IGFAE os investigadores Manuel Caama\u00f1o, Cristina Cabo, Daniel Fern\u00e1ndez e Daniel Regueira.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A f\u00edsica nuclear leva d\u00e9cadas intentando comprender como se organizan prot\u00f3ns e neutr\u00f3ns dentro do n\u00facleo at\u00f3mico. Mellorar este co\u00f1ecemento resulta esencial para entender a orixe e a estabilidade da materia, e facer m\u00e1is precisos os modelos que describen fen\u00f3menos como a formaci\u00f3n dos elementos qu\u00edmicos nas estrelas, ou o comportamento de n\u00facleos moi raros […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":24191,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[166,217],"class_list":["post-24161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novas-2","category-novas-cientificas-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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