{"id":21566,"date":"2025-11-06T12:00:55","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T11:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/?p=21566"},"modified":"2025-11-05T07:49:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T06:49:24","slug":"jaime-alvarez-muniz-synergy-grant-heron","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/jaime-alvarez-muniz-synergy-grant-heron\/","title":{"rendered":"Jaime \u00c1lvarez-Mu\u00f1iz obt\u00e9n unha Synergy Grant para un novo experimento de detecci\u00f3n de neutrinos"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jaime \u00c1lvarez-Mu\u00f1iz, investigador do IGFAE, acaba de obter unha Synergy Grant na convocatoria do Consello Europeo de Investigaci\u00f3n (ERC), que financia propostas cient\u00edficas ambiciosas e desenvolvidas en colaboraci\u00f3n entre persoal de distintas instituci\u00f3ns. O proxecto HERON<\/strong> (Hybrid Elevated Radio Observatory for Neutrinos) recibir\u00e1 14 mill\u00f3ns de euros co obxectivo de detectar os neutrinos de enerx\u00eda ultra-alta, unhas das part\u00edculas m\u00e1is fuxid\u00edas e enerx\u00e9ticas do cosmos.<\/p>\n

A base da idea \u00e9 a de abrir unha nova xanela \u00e1 observaci\u00f3n do Universo mediante a construci\u00f3n dun novo observatorio nunha zona monta\u00f1osa na provincia arxentina de San Juan, preto dos Andes. HERON ser\u00e1 o instrumento m\u00e1is sensible do mundo para a detecci\u00f3n destes neutrinos ultraenerx\u00e9ticos. Ademais do IGFAE, en HERON participar\u00e1n centros de investigaci\u00f3n de Francia (Institut d\u2019Astrophysique de Paris e Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne) e os Estados Unidos (Pennsylvania State University), xunto co apoio local da Comisi\u00f3n Nacional da Enerx\u00eda At\u00f3mica (CNEA) da Arxentina.<\/p>\n

O gran misterio das \u201cpart\u00edculas pantasma\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

A detecci\u00f3n dos neutrinos \u00e9 un dos principais retos da astrof\u00edsica. Son part\u00edculas elementais moi especiais e distintas \u00e1s demais, xa que non te\u00f1en carga el\u00e9ctrica, a s\u00faa masa \u00e9 \u00ednfima e apenas interaccionan co resto da materia. Por isto poden atravesar galaxias, estrelas e planetas sen chocar con nada nin desintegrarse. Son co\u00f1ecidas, deste xeito, como as \u201cpart\u00edculas pantasma\u201d.<\/p>\n

En concreto, os neutrinos de enerx\u00eda ultra-alta proceden dalg\u00fans dos fen\u00f3menos m\u00e1is violentos do universo, como as explosi\u00f3ns de estrelas, as colisi\u00f3ns de estrelas de neutr\u00f3ns ou os chorros dos buracos negros. A estas enerx\u00edas, crese que os neutrinos se producen nas s\u00faas fontes a partir das interacci\u00f3ns dos raios c\u00f3smicos, part\u00edculas cargadas que bombardean a Terra en todas as direcci\u00f3ns, e que son detectadas en experimentos como o Observatorio Pierre Auger, tam\u00e9n situado na Arxentina, e no que tam\u00e9n participa o IGFAE.<\/p>\n

A detecci\u00f3n e an\u00e1lise deste tipo de neutrinos poder\u00eda ofrecer informaci\u00f3n moi importante sobre a orixe destes eventos extremos. Por\u00e9n, para isto requ\u00edrense detectores xigantes, capaces de observar grandes \u00e1reas onde poidan producirse interacci\u00f3ns de neutrinos, dado que o seu fluxo e a s\u00faa probabilidade de interacci\u00f3n son moi baixas.<\/p>\n

HERON: unha nova era na astrof\u00edsica<\/strong><\/p>\n

Neste contexto, HERON est\u00e1 chamado a dar un paso m\u00e1is, xa que ter\u00e1 unha sensibilidade entre 10 e 20 veces maior do que calquera experimento actual. O observatorio proxectado na Arxentina estar\u00e1 formado por unha rede de antenas situadas ao longo de 72 quil\u00f3metros, que observar\u00e1n o breve destello de radio que os neutrinos poden producir cando impactan na codia terrestre, en especial aqueles cunha enerx\u00eda por riba de 1017 <\/sup>electr\u00f3nvoltios (eV).<\/p>\n

As antenas de HERON operar\u00e1n no rango de frecuencias de decenas a centos de megahertzs (MHz), semellantes \u00e1s da frecuencia modulada (FM), pero coa capacidade de detectar sinais extremadamente breves, de decenas de nanosegundos. Este m\u00e9todo xa demostrou a s\u00faa eficacia en experimentos como BEACON ou GRAND, nos que participou o mesmo equipo que agora acadou a Synergy Grant.<\/p>\n

Outra das vantaxes de HERON \u00e9 que o sistema de antenas, sinxelo e rendible, pode estenderse durante vastas superficies de terreo, maximizando a extensi\u00f3n na que observar posibles interacci\u00f3ns de neutrinos.<\/p>\n

Este novo experimento tam\u00e9n se integrar\u00e1 na rede global de observatorios de astronom\u00eda multimensaxeiro, en coordinaci\u00f3n con detectores de ondas gravitacionais, raios gamma e outros tipos de neutrinos. A posibilidade de obter informaci\u00f3n de fen\u00f3menos astrof\u00edsicos a trav\u00e9s de diversas sinais est\u00e1 a abrir nos \u00faltimos anos enormes posibilidades na exploraci\u00f3n do universo.<\/p>\n

\u201cDesde hai m\u00e1is de 25 anos, o equipo de F\u00edsica de Astropart\u00edculas do IGFAE est\u00e1 \u00e1 vangarda no estudo da detecci\u00f3n de raios c\u00f3smicos e neutrinos de enerx\u00eda ultra-alta, sendo pioneiro do desenvolvemento de modelos que describen como interaccionan os neutrinos tau dentro da Terra, como emerxen as part\u00edculas tau resultantes e producen fervenzas de part\u00edculas na atmosfera, e como estas fervenzas se desenvolven, xerando sinais de radio que poden detectarse con antenas desde varios quil\u00f3metros de distancia\u201d, resume Jaime \u00c1lvarez-Mu\u00f1iz.<\/p>\n

Neste marco, \u201das capacidades do equipo do IGFAE ser\u00e1n esenciais no dese\u00f1o final e optimizaci\u00f3n de HERON, as\u00ed como para comprender os seus futuros datos, axudando a reconstru\u00edr as propiedades dos neutrinos que se detecten, e distinguilos dos raios c\u00f3smicos, moito m\u00e1is abundantes\u201d, destaca o investigador. As ferramentas e modelos de simulaci\u00f3n desenvolvidas no IGFAE xa desempe\u00f1aron un papel clave nos experimentos de detecci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas de moi alta enerx\u00eda, o que aplanou o cami\u00f1o para a proposta de HERON.<\/p>\n

O equipo de HERON<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\"Jaime

Jaime \u00c1lvarez-Mu\u00f1iz, Stephanie Wissel, Kumiko Kotera e Olivier Martineau son os investigadores principais de HERON.<\/p><\/div>\n

Ademais de Jaime \u00c1lvarez e o seu equipo no IGFAE, HERON re\u00fane catro investigadores principais e os seus respectivos grupos. Coordina o proxecto a astrof\u00edsica Kumiko Kotera, do Institut d\u2019Astrophysique de Paris, pertencente ao Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) de Francia, e conta tam\u00e9n como investigadores principais con Stephanie Wissel (Pennsylvania State University, Estados Unidos) e Olivier Martineau, da Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne de Par\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Jaime \u00c1lvarez-Mu\u00f1iz<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Jaime \u00c1lvarez-Mu\u00f1iz<\/a> licenciouse en F\u00edsica pola USC en 1994, e obtivo o seu doutoramento en f\u00edsica de astropart\u00edculas en 1999. Realizou estad\u00edas posdoutorais na universidade de Wisconsin-Madison e no Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Bartol da Universidad de Delaware, nos Estados Unidos, antes de regresar \u00e1 USC como investigador Ram\u00f3n y Cajal en 2004.\u00a0 Converteuse en profesor titular en 2010, e en catedr\u00e1tico en 2023.<\/p>\n

A s\u00faa investigaci\u00f3n c\u00e9ntrase na f\u00edsica de astropart\u00edculas, en concreto nos raios c\u00f3smicos de ultra-alta enerx\u00eda (UHECR) e os neutrinos, co obxectivo de identificar as fontes, a natureza e os mecanismos de aceleraci\u00f3n destas part\u00edculas, froito dos fen\u00f3menos astrof\u00edsicos m\u00e1is extremos. \u00c9 membro da colaboraci\u00f3n Pierre Auger, un observatorio de detecci\u00f3n de raios c\u00f3smicos situado na Arxentina, codirixindo desde 2008 as tarefas de an\u00e1lise de neutrinos, e tam\u00e9n participou en numerosas iniciativas experimentais para a utilizaci\u00f3n de ondas de radio na detecci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas c\u00f3smicas de moi altas enerx\u00edas.<\/p>\n

Durante a s\u00faa carreira publicou preto de 200 artigos, supervisou sete teses de doutoramento, con outras tres en curso, e realizou m\u00e1is de 50 presentaci\u00f3ns en conferencias internacionais. Foi investigador principal de diversos estatais e rexionais, e coordina a \u00e1rea de investigaci\u00f3n de Part\u00edculas C\u00f3smicas e F\u00edsica Fundamental<\/a> no IGFAE.<\/p>\n

Sobre a convocatoria Synergy Grant<\/strong><\/p>\n

A convocatoria Synergy Grant<\/a> \u00e9 unha das m\u00e1is prestixiosas li\u00f1as de financiamento do Consello Europeo de Investigaci\u00f3n (ERC). En concreto, fomenta a colaboraci\u00f3n entre equipos investigadores de alto nivel en distintos pa\u00edses, permit\u00edndolle combinar o seu co\u00f1ecemento, experiencia e recursos para ampliar os l\u00edmites das descubertas cient\u00edficas.<\/p>\n

Sobre o IGFAE<\/strong><\/p>\n

O\u00a0Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas (IGFAE), \u00e9 un centro de investigaci\u00f3n creado en 1999 pola Universidade de Santiago de Compostela e a Xunta de Galicia. Naceu co obxectivo de coordinar e fomentar a investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica e t\u00e9cnica nos campos da F\u00edsica de Alta Enerx\u00eda, Part\u00edculas e Nuclear, e \u00e1reas relacionadas como a Astrof\u00edsica, a F\u00edsica M\u00e9dica ou a Instrumentaci\u00f3n. Acolle a arredor de 140 persoas que participan en instalaci\u00f3ns experimentais como o CERN, o Observatorio Pierre Auger, LIGO ou GSI\/FAIR, entre outras.<\/p>\n

O centro foi acreditado en d\u00faas ocasi\u00f3ns (2017 e 2023) como Unidade de Excelencia Mar\u00eda de Maeztu por parte da Axencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n do Goberno de Espa\u00f1a. Tam\u00e9n forma parte da rede CIGUS da Xunta de Galicia, que acredita a calidade e o impacto da s\u00faa investigaci\u00f3n. Est\u00e1 cofinanciado pola Uni\u00f3n Europea a trav\u00e9s do Programa Galicia Feder 2021-2027.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jaime \u00c1lvarez-Mu\u00f1iz, investigador do IGFAE, acaba de obter unha Synergy Grant na convocatoria do Consello Europeo de Investigaci\u00f3n (ERC), que financia propostas cient\u00edficas ambiciosas e desenvolvidas en colaboraci\u00f3n entre persoal de distintas instituci\u00f3ns. O proxecto HERON (Hybrid Elevated Radio Observatory for Neutrinos) recibir\u00e1 14 mill\u00f3ns de euros co obxectivo de detectar os neutrinos de enerx\u00eda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":21567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[166,217],"class_list":["post-21566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novas-2","category-novas-cientificas-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJaime \u00c1lvarez-Mu\u00f1iz obt\u00e9n unha Synergy Grant para un novo experimento de detecci\u00f3n de neutrinos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O Consello Europeo de Investigaci\u00f3n financia con 14 mill\u00f3ns de euros o proxecto HERON, no que participa o investigador galego, co obxectivo de observar as part\u00edculas m\u00e1is fuxid\u00edas e enerx\u00e9ticas do cosmos\" \/>\n<meta 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