{"id":20352,"date":"2025-05-06T11:07:48","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T09:07:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/?p=20352"},"modified":"2025-08-19T15:33:28","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T13:33:28","slug":"nature-illa-fision-asimetrica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/nature-illa-fision-asimetrica\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Nature\u2019 publica un traballo pioneiro sobre fisi\u00f3n nuclear no que participa o IGFAE"},"content":{"rendered":"

A revista Nature<\/em>, unha das referencias da ciencia mundial, publica esta semana un artigo<\/a> no que se describe unha nova illa de fisi\u00f3n nuclear asim\u00e9trica nun cento de sistemas ex\u00f3ticos (non estables). No traballo participan varios membros do Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas (IGFAE), centro de investigaci\u00f3n mixto da USC e a Xunta de Galicia. O experimento levouse a cabo no acelerador GSI-FAIR, en Darmstadt (Alema\u00f1a), onde o persoal do IGFAE participa desde fai m\u00e1is de d\u00faas d\u00e9cadas. Tam\u00e9n asinan o artigo investigadores das universidades de Vigo e A Coru\u00f1a, completando a participaci\u00f3n galega nesta investigaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\u201cNa fisi\u00f3n, os n\u00facleos at\u00f3micos pesados rompen en d\u00faas partes, xerando dous n\u00facleos novos e m\u00e1is lixeiros, e emitindo unha gran cantidade de enerx\u00eda. A\u00ednda que levamos observando estes procesos m\u00e1is de 100 anos, os mecanismos que rexen a fisi\u00f3n son moi complexos, reflectindo en parte a estrutura microsc\u00f3pica dos n\u00facleos\u201d, explica H\u00e9ctor \u00c1lvarez Pol, investigador do IGFAE, profesor da USC e un dos autores do artigo.<\/p>\n

Neste punto, \u201ca caracterizaci\u00f3n da fisi\u00f3n \u00e9 clave para entender as propiedades do n\u00facleo at\u00f3mico, pero tam\u00e9n para co\u00f1ecer procesos de interese astrof\u00edsico que describen a abundancia dos elementos no universo\u201d, engade o investigador. Entre outras aplicaci\u00f3ns, co\u00f1ecer este proceso pode contribu\u00edr a mellorar a produci\u00f3n de enerx\u00eda, o que afecta, por exemplo, \u00e1 seguridade nas centrais nucleares.<\/p>\n

Illa de fisi\u00f3n asim\u00e9trica<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Os fragmentos que resultan dunha fisi\u00f3n (isto \u00e9, os novos n\u00facleos que se producen cando rompe un n\u00facleo pesado) poden ter cargas semellantes (fisi\u00f3n sim\u00e9trica) ou diferentes, cando un fragmento leva unha parte maior do n\u00facleo que se rompe (fisi\u00f3n asim\u00e9trica). Se representamos os resultados da fisi\u00f3n nun mapa de nucleidos (unha \u2018t\u00e1boa peri\u00f3dica ampliada\u2019, que representa todos os is\u00f3topos dos elementos) atopamos amplas rexi\u00f3ns onde a fisi\u00f3n \u00e9 sim\u00e9trica, con illas ou zonas onde a fisi\u00f3n resulta asim\u00e9trica. Agora, este traballo permite delimitar parte dunha illa de asimetr\u00eda nunha rexi\u00f3n por debaixo do chumbo, que non fora explorada en detalle previamente.<\/p>\n

Nos \u00faltimos anos, logo da observaci\u00f3n de fisi\u00f3ns asim\u00e9tricas inesperadas en n\u00facleos ex\u00f3ticos deficientes en neutr\u00f3ns, desenvolv\u00e9ronse novas investigaci\u00f3ns te\u00f3ricas e experimentais para afondar nelas. Neste marco, o experimento, realizado dentro da colaboraci\u00f3n R3B-SOFIA de GSI-FAIR, pretend\u00eda determinar a distribuci\u00f3n da carga dos fragmentos de fisi\u00f3n para unha ampla colecci\u00f3n de n\u00facleos ex\u00f3ticos que se producen e estudan neste acelerador.<\/p>\n

E os resultados ofrecen a primeira cartograf\u00eda completa desta nova illa de fisi\u00f3n asim\u00e9trica de n\u00facleos con menor n\u00famero at\u00f3mico que o chumbo. Rec\u00f3llense as medidas de distribuci\u00f3n de carga dos fragmentos de fisi\u00f3n, dominando aspectos estruturais do n\u00facleo que rompe, e que son produto de 100 sistemas de fisi\u00f3n ex\u00f3ticos, dos que 75 se miden por primeira vez.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Diagrama de identificaci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas dos feixes radiactivos producidos no experimento. Fonte: Nature.<\/p><\/div>\n

Un dos achados m\u00e1is destacados \u00e9 o papel que desempe\u00f1a a chamada capa de prot\u00f3ns deformada Z=36 no fragmento m\u00e1is lixeiro da fisi\u00f3n. Esta estrutura nuclear contrib\u00fae a explicar a maior probabilidade de xeraci\u00f3n de certos produtos na rotura do n\u00facleo, sinalando a influencia das propiedades estruturais na din\u00e1mica da fisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9n disto, o traballo contrib\u00fae a determinar as caracter\u00edsticas dos fragmentos de fisi\u00f3n e predicir a evoluci\u00f3n entre a rotura asim\u00e9trica dos act\u00ednidos, a rotura sim\u00e9trica que goberna o proceso de fragmentaci\u00f3n para os n\u00facleos m\u00e1is lixeiros e novos modos de rotura asim\u00e9trica para n\u00facleos ex\u00f3ticos lixeiros ricos en prot\u00f3ns. Estes resultados complementaranse con novos mecanismos de reacci\u00f3n para inducir a fisi\u00f3n, como as reacci\u00f3ns de arranque dun nucle\u00f3n, investigadas no IGFAE e que deron lugar a d\u00faas teses de doutoramento. A partir da cinem\u00e1tica dos nucle\u00f3ns emitidos, estas reacci\u00f3ns permiten reconstru\u00edr a enerx\u00eda de excitaci\u00f3n do sistema implicado na fisi\u00f3n e estudar, por exemplo, a evoluci\u00f3n das capas de prot\u00f3ns e neutr\u00f3ns en funci\u00f3n da enerx\u00eda.<\/p>\n

De cara a futuras investigaci\u00f3ns, este conxunto de datos ser\u00e1 esencial para restrinxir modelos de fisi\u00f3n fiables e preditivos utilizados para estimar as propiedades de fisi\u00f3n de n\u00facleos con relaci\u00f3ns neutr\u00f3n-prot\u00f3n extremas, nos que non se disp\u00f3n de datos experimentais.<\/p>\n

Ademais de H\u00e9ctor \u00c1lvarez Pol, no artigo participan persoal que desenvolveu este experimento como parte do IGFAE: Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez S\u00e1nchez (actualmente no centro de investigaci\u00f3n CITENI da Universidade da Coru\u00f1a), Ant\u00eda Gra\u00f1a Gonz\u00e1lez (actualmente no Commissariat \u00e0 Energie Atomique CEA, Par\u00eds), Gabriel Garc\u00eda Jim\u00e9nez (actualmente na Universidade de Berkeley, EUA), e Manuel Feijoo Rodr\u00edguez (actualmente profesor no IES do Castro, Vigo).<\/p>\n

Sobre o IGFAE<\/strong><\/h5>\n

O\u00a0Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas (IGFAE), \u00e9 un centro de investigaci\u00f3n creado en 1999 pola Universidade de Santiago de Compostela e a Xunta de Galicia. Naceu co obxectivo de coordinar e fomentar a investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica e t\u00e9cnica nos campos da F\u00edsica de Alta Enerx\u00eda, Part\u00edculas e Nuclear, e \u00e1reas relacionadas como a Astrof\u00edsica, a F\u00edsica M\u00e9dica ou a Instrumentaci\u00f3n. Acolle a arredor de 140 persoas que participan en instalaci\u00f3ns experimentais como o CERN, o Observatorio Pierre Auger, LIGO ou GSI\/FAIR, entre outras.<\/p>\n

O centro foi acreditado en d\u00faas ocasi\u00f3ns (2017 e 2023) como Unidade de Excelencia Mar\u00eda de Maeztu por parte da Axencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n do Goberno de Espa\u00f1a. Tam\u00e9n forma parte da rede CIGUS da Xunta de Galicia, que acredita a calidade e o impacto da s\u00faa investigaci\u00f3n. Est\u00e1 cofinanciado pola Uni\u00f3n Europea a trav\u00e9s do Programa Galicia Feder 2021-2027.<\/p>\n

\n

Ligaz\u00f3n ao artigo: <\/strong>An asymmetric fission island driven by shell effects in light fragments<\/em>.\u00a0Nature<\/em>\u00a0(2025).<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A revista Nature, unha das referencias da ciencia mundial, publica esta semana un artigo no que se describe unha nova illa de fisi\u00f3n nuclear asim\u00e9trica nun cento de sistemas ex\u00f3ticos (non estables). No traballo participan varios membros do Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas (IGFAE), centro de investigaci\u00f3n mixto da USC e a Xunta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":20353,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[166,217],"class_list":["post-20352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novas-2","category-novas-cientificas-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Nature\u2019 publica un traballo pioneiro sobre fisi\u00f3n nuclear no que participa o IGFAE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O artigo ofrece un mapa detallado dunha nova illa de fisi\u00f3n asim\u00e9trica nunha gama de 100 n\u00facleos ex\u00f3ticos\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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ex\u00f3ticos","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/nature-illa-fision-asimetrica\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"gl-ES","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/nature-illa-fision-asimetrica\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"gl-ES","@id":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/nature-illa-fision-asimetrica\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/10_2025_05_06-Nature_illa-fision_autores.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/10_2025_05_06-Nature_illa-fision_autores.jpg","width":1600,"height":900,"caption":"H\u00e9ctor \u00c1lvarez Pol, Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez S\u00e1nchez, Manuel Feijoo Rodr\u00edguez, Gabriel Garc\u00eda Jim\u00e9nez e Ant\u00eda Gra\u00f1a Gonz\u00e1lez, asinantes do traballo. Fonte: IGFAE."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/nature-illa-fision-asimetrica\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Inicio","item":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u2018Nature\u2019 publica un traballo pioneiro sobre fisi\u00f3n nuclear no que participa o IGFAE"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/#website","url":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/","name":"IGFAE","description":"Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"gl-ES"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/#organization","name":"Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas","url":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"gl-ES","@id":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/seo-igfae.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/seo-igfae.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"caption":"Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/IGFAE_HEP"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/#\/schema\/person\/7edb28d4e85fc09a1d4a05dd2b844174","name":"Manuel","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"gl-ES","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/92b6d25b24eb9115f11ff9585492998eef62b80c7a05fd1ccd3f44ea80f2cffb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/92b6d25b24eb9115f11ff9585492998eef62b80c7a05fd1ccd3f44ea80f2cffb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/92b6d25b24eb9115f11ff9585492998eef62b80c7a05fd1ccd3f44ea80f2cffb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Manuel"},"url":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/author\/manuelrey-pan\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20352"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21105,"href":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20352\/revisions\/21105"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}