{"id":23355,"date":"2026-04-22T09:46:44","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T07:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/?p=23355"},"modified":"2026-04-22T13:54:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T11:54:57","slug":"a-laboratory-crystal-in-the-search-for-dark-matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/en\/a-laboratory-crystal-in-the-search-for-dark-matter\/","title":{"rendered":"A Laboratory Crystal in the Search for Dark Matter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ordinary matter represents barely 5% of the Universe. The rest remains a mystery to Humanity: we do not know what composes it, nor how it behaves. It is estimated that most of it is dark energy, and the rest (around 27%) is dark matter, a substance that has mass and reveals itself through its gravitational attraction on galaxies, but that neither emits nor absorbs light and has never been directly detected in a laboratory.<\/p>\n<p>However, the scientific community does not give up and continues, from very diverse perspectives, to try to observe some signal. Gonzalo Alonso-\u00c1lvarez, a Ram\u00f3n y Cajal researcher at the Instituto Galego de F\u00edsica de Altas Enerx\u00edas (IGFAE), a joint center of USC and the Xunta de Galicia, has participated in an experiment to try to detect axions, a type of hypothetical particle that is a candidate to make up dark matter. Axions, if they exist, would be extremely light (billions of times lighter than the electron) and would permeate space as an invisible and oscillating field, producing periodic and very subtle perturbations inside certain atomic nuclei.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ions trapped in a crystal near absolute zero<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the experiment, europium-153 ions embedded in an yttrium silicate crystal were used, cooled to -268 \u00b0C. As the IGFAE researcher explains, \u201ceuropium-153 has a nucleus with a special shape that makes it particularly sensitive to the perturbation that an axion field would produce.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Through precision spectroscopy, the researchers monitored the energy levels of the europium nuclear spins, searching for that characteristic signal that dark matter would leave. The statistical analysis was designed to take advantage of the specific properties of that signal\u2014oscillating and coherent, with characteristics determined by the physics of the galactic axion field\u2014which makes it possible to distinguish it from the random noise of the experiment.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_23347\" style=\"width: 1353px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-23347\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23347\" src=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-content\/uploads\/09_2026_04_16-PRL-Gonzalo-Alonso_esquema.png\" alt=\" Schematic illustration of the experimental apparatus used to detect axion-like dark matter. Image adapted from Fan, Mingyu et al. \u2018Wideband Search for Axion-like Dark Matter Using Octupolar Nuclei in a Crystal\u2019, Physical Review Letters (2026).\" width=\"1343\" height=\"822\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-content\/uploads\/09_2026_04_16-PRL-Gonzalo-Alonso_esquema.png 1343w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-content\/uploads\/09_2026_04_16-PRL-Gonzalo-Alonso_esquema-750x459.png 750w, https:\/\/igfae.usc.es\/igfae\/wp-content\/uploads\/09_2026_04_16-PRL-Gonzalo-Alonso_esquema-30x18.png 30w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1343px) 100vw, 1343px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-23347\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ilustraci\u00f3n esquem\u00e1tica do aparello experimental usado para a detecci\u00f3n de materia escura axi\u00f3nica. Imaxe adaptada de Fan, Mingyu et al. \u201cWideband Search for Axionlike Dark Matter Using Octupolar Nuclei in a Crystal\u201d Physical Review Letters (2026).<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>No dark-matter signals, but some findings <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This experiment did not find any signal of dark matter. But, as Gonzalo Alonso warns, \u201cthat is a result in itself: the data make it possible to establish one of the strictest laboratory limits to date on how axions can interact with the quarks and gluons of the atomic nucleus, in a mass range spanning eight orders of magnitude.\u201d He adds that \u201cthese limits are also complementary to those imposed by astrophysical observations of stars and supernovae.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Likewise, the team highlights that \u201cthis approach, based on quantum optics techniques and precision spectroscopy, opens a complementary path to large underground detectors and particle accelerators.\u201d Improvements to this apparatus and to detection methods are foreseen, which allows anticipating that the sensitivity of the experiment will continue to grow in the future.<\/p>\n<p>The results <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/dm9j-9pry\">have recently been published in Physical Review Letters<\/a>. In addition to Alonso-\u00c1lvarez, the article is signed by Mingyu Fan, Bassam Nima, Aleksandar Radak and Amar Vutha, from the University of Toronto, where the IGFAE researcher worked before his arrival in Santiago. In this article, his contribution focused on the design of the statistical analysis of the data: specifically, on how to consider the properties of the galactic axion field to identify the expected signal and distinguish it from experimental noise.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Gonzalo Alonso-\u00c1lvarez<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Originally from Zaragoza, he obtained his PhD in Physics at the University of Heidelberg (Germany) in 2020, with a thesis focused on axions and other light dark matter candidates. He subsequently carried out postdoctoral stays at McGill University (Montreal, Canada) and at the University of Toronto (Canada), where he collaborated with the experimental group with which the work described in this article was developed.<\/p>\n<p>Gonzalo joined IGFAE in early 2026, having been recruited through IGFAE\u2019s Global Talent programme, which is funded by the Mar\u00eda de Maeztu accreditation for excellence awarded by the Spanish Research Agency. Thanks to this contract, he returned to Spain to continue his research career, and subsequently secured a contract under the Ram\u00f3n y Cajal programme. Throughout his trajectory, he has explored the nature of dark matter from multiple angles: from theoretical predictions and searches in particle accelerators, to high-precision laboratory experiments and astrophysical and cosmological observations.<\/p>\n<p>At IGFAE, Alonso-\u00c1lvarez will develop a line of research focused on developing and testing dark matter models, combining theoretical development with direct connection to experiments and astrophysical observations that make it possible to detect these particles.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Reference<\/strong>: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/dm9j-9pry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wideband Search for Axionlike Dark Matter Using Octupolar Nuclei in a Crystal<\/a> (Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, published on March 25, 2026).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ordinary matter represents barely 5% of the Universe. The rest remains a mystery to Humanity: we do not know what composes it, nor how it behaves. It is estimated that most of it is dark energy, and the rest (around 27%) is dark matter, a substance that has mass and reveals itself through its gravitational [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":23341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,16],"class_list":["post-23355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-scientific-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A Laboratory Crystal in the Search for Dark Matter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"- IGFAE researcher Gonzalo Alonso-\u00c1lvarez participates in an experiment, published in Physical Review Letters, that seeks signals of the mysterious substance that makes up 27% of the Universe\" 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